When was turkey discovered

He first named the city New Rome, then Constantinople, which served as the capital of the Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire for nearly a thousand years after the fall of Rome in During the Byzantine age, Turkey witnessed the further advancement of Christianity. Masterful works of architecture commemorate this empire, the most impressive of which was Justinian's Church of Hagia Sophia. This building, the largest church in Christendom for nearly a thousand years, remains an engineering marvel, with a tremendous supported dome and colorful mosaic interior.

The Byzantine period came to an end with the conquest of Istanbul in by the Turks. The Turks Arrive on Anatolia. The history of the Turks covers more than 4, years and two continents. They first emerged in Central Asia around B.

C, later spreading throughout Asia and Europe with the establishment of many independent states and empires. The Seljuks. The Turks started to settle in Anatolia during the period of the Great Seljuk Empire in the early 11th century, following the victory over the Byzantines in the vicinity of Malazgirt. The Seljuks left Turkey with a rich cultural legacy. The Anatolian Seljuk State enriched the country with monumental mosques, madrashahs, hospitals, fortresses, tombs and caravanserais, often covered with the finest in stone carving and tiles.

The Ottomans. When the Turkish Seljuk State collapsed under the strain of repeated Mongol attacks, several beylics from various Turkish tribes emerged in Anatolia toward the end of the 13th century. Of these, the Ottoman beylic succeeded in establishing the union of the beylics in Anatolia in a short period of time and thus arose the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman State then entered an era of rapid development that would last until the end of the 16th century.

The Ottomans made great additions to the already rich heritage of Istanbul and Anatolia. The architecture of Mimar Sinan is still admired today. Traditional Turkish art, such as miniatures, tiles and ceramics, calligraphy and weaving, flourished and reached its peak during the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire slowly began to lose its economic and military edge to the emerging European powers from the s up into the late 19th century.

He created a new political and legal system based on the principles of parliamentary democracy, division of powers, secular administration, nationalism and modernization.

Almost overnight, Turkey became a modern nation-state and remains an important model for Third World countries looking to become part of the modern world. The Hittites The first state run by a central authority was established in Anatolia, the Asian peninsula of Turkey, in B. Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal—later given the last name Ataturk or "Father of Turks"—the resistance became cohesive, and the Turks were capable of fighting the war for national liberation. The Turkish National Liberation War was an effort to create a new state from the ruins of an Empire, which had completed its life.

It lasted four years wherein a small army of volunteers fought and won a war against the leading powers of this time. Ataturk's victory was not only military, but it was also diplomatic.

The Turkish military victory was sealed with a diplomatic success with the signing of the Lausanne Peace Treaty on July 24, Signed with Great Britain, France, Greece, Italy and others, the Treaty recognized the creation and international borders of a Turkish State and guaranteed its complete independence.

For the first time in centuries, the Turkish people enjoyed self-rule. Mustafa Kemal was elected as the first president of the Republic of Turkey.

The first Grand National Assembly under the leadership of Ataturk created a new political and legal system based on the principles of parliamentary democracy, human rights, national sovereignty and division of powers, private ownership and secularism, and the separation of religion and state affairs. A new, secular education system was established, the Arabic alphabet was changed into the Latin alphabet, and new civil and criminal codes were adapted from European models.

Turkish women received equal rights under the law such as the right to vote and be elected to public office, which put Turkey ahead of many Western nations in terms of women's rights. It was a revolution, unparalleled at its time and even today, to bring a predominantly Muslim nation in line with Western civilization and universal values. Painting Sculpture Photography Graphic Art. In a sign that the size of reserves would upgrade after each drill, Energy Minister Fatih Donmez said last month that one drill ship would open new test wells to appraise firmer reserve figures while the second one will upgrade testing wells to production status.

Ankara aims to pump gas from the Sakarya field to its main grid in , with sustained plateau production starting in or The field will reach full production status after a four phase development plan, Donmez has said. A pipeline stretching at least km will be required to connect new wells in the region to the main grid, while Ankara will need to construct a receiving station within two years to match its timetable.